¤@¡B «e¨¥
¨Ì¬ü°ê±M§Qªk¤§³W©w¡A¤@µo©ún¯à¨ú±o±M§QÅv«OÅ@¡A¥²¶·§¹¥þº¡¨¬¥H¤U¥|Óªk©w¥i±M§Q©Ên¥ó(Patentability Requirements)¡Gªk©w¼Ðªº(µù1)(Statutory Requirement)¡B¹ê¥Î©Ê(µù2)(Utility Requirement)¡B·s¿o©Ê(µù3)(Novelty Requirement)¡B«DÅã¦Ó©ö¨£©Ê(µù4)¡]Nonobviousness Requirement¡^¡C©ó¦¹¥|Óªk©w¤§±M§Qn¥ó¤¤¡A³ÌÃöÁäªÌ§Y¬°¡u«DÅã¦Ó©ö¨£©Ê¡v¦¹¤@n¥ó¡A¬Û¸û©ó¨ä¥L¥i±M§Q©Ên¥ó¡A¡u«DÅã¦Ó©ö¨£©Ê¡v«D¦ý«Y¬°¥Ó½Ð¤H¤§±M§Q¥Ó½Ð®×³QUSPTO®Ö»é«á¡A¤W¶D¦Ü±M§Q¤W¶D»Pª§Ä³©eû·|(BPAI¡ABoard of Patent Appeal and Interference)®É³Ì±`¨£ªºÄ³ÃD(µù5)¡A¤]¬O¶D³^¤¤³y¦¨±M§Q³Q»{©w¬°µL®Äªº³Ì¥Dnì¦]¡C¦]¦¹¡A¡u«DÅã¦Ó©ö¨£©Ê¡v¤S³QºÙ¬°¡u¥i±M§Q©Ê¤§²×·¥n¥ó(the ultimate condition of patentability)¡v(µù6)¡C
¬°µû¦ô¤@µo©ú¤§Åã¦Ó©ö¨£©Ê¡A©ó1966¦~Graham v. John
Deere(µù7)¤@®×¤¤¡A³Ì°ªªk°|³]©w¤F¤@®M¬[ºc¡A¨Ï±o¤U¯Åªk°|¥i¨Ì´`¨ÃÂǦ¹µû¶qµo©ú¡C¥Ñ©ó³Ì°ªªk°|»{¬°±M§Q¦³®Ä©Êªº³Ì²×°ÝÃD¬°°ò©ó¬Y¨Ç®Ú¥»¨Æ¹êªºªk«ßijÃD(The Court determined that the ultimate question of patent validity is an issue of law that depends on certain underlying facts.)¡A¦]¦¹¡A¨ä½T»{»PÅã¦Ó©ö¨£©Ê¬ÛÃö¤§¨Æ¹ê°ÝÃDªº±´¸ß(factual inquiries)§Y¬°¡G(1)¥ý«e§Þ³N¤§½d³ò¤Î¤º®e¡F(2)¥ý«e§Þ³N»P¨tª§¥Ó½Ð±M§Q½d³ò¤§®t²§¡F¥H¤Î(3)©ÒÄݧ޳N»â°ì¤¤¨ã¦³³q±`ª¾ÃѪ̤§§Þ³N¤ô·Ç¡C¦¹¥~¡A³Ì°ªªk°|¤]«ü¥X«DÅã¦Ó©ö¨£¤§»²§U©Ê§PÂ_¦]¯Àªº«n©Ê¡C
©ó³Ì°ªªk°|´£¥X¦¹¤@Grahamªº¤ÀªR¬[ºc¤§«á¡A¬ü°êÁp¨¹¨µ°jªk°|¬°¤F´À¡u«DÅã¦Ó©ö¨£©Ê¡v³]¥ß§ó«ÈÆ[ªºµûÂ_ì«h¡A¥HÁקK«á¨£¤§©úªºª¬ªp²£¥Í¡A©ó¹L¥hªñ1/4¥@¬ö¤¤¥ç³Ð³y¤F³\¦h¼Ð·Ç¡A¨Ò¦pTSMªk«h(°£«D¦³±Ð¥Ü¡B«Øij©Î°Ê¾÷¨Óµ²¦X«e®×¤¸¥ó©Îקï²{¦s¤§§Þ³N¡A¤@µo©ú¤£¥i³Qµø¬°Åã¦Ó©ö¨£)¡F©Î¬O¤@µo©ú¤£¯à¥u¦]¨ä«Y¬°©úÅã¥i¸Õ¡A§Y³Qµø¬°Åã¦Ó©ö¨£ªº¡Kµ¥µ¥¡C
µM¦Ó¡A©ó2007¦~KSR v. Teleflex®×¥ó¤¤¡A³Ì°ªªk°|©Úµ´§Q¥Î¡u»øµwªº¡v TSMªk«h¨Ó¨M©wÅã¦Ó©ö¨£©Ê(µù8)¡A¥B«·s½T»{¥HGraham®×§@¬°¨M©wÅã¦Ó©ö¨£©Ê¤§¼Ð·Ç¡C¨Æ¹ê¤W¡A©ó¦¹§P¨M¤¤¡A³Ì°ªªk°|¨Ã¥¼´£¨Ñ·sªº´ú¸Õ¤è¦¡¡A¦Ó¬O´£¥X¤@³s¦ê§PÂ_¦]¯À¡A¥Î¥H¿ë©ú¬O§_¼ô²ß¦¹§Þ³NªÌ¦³¥i¯à«ä¤Î¥Ó½Ð±M§Q¤§µo©ú¡C´«¨¥¤§¡A³Ì°ªªk°|¹ï©ó´M¨D¹ê²{Åã¦Ó©ö¨£©Ê¤§¤è¦¡(a realist approach)¡A¦b©ó¥H¸û¤Öªºªk«ß¸ÑŪ¨Ó¨M©wÅã¦Ó©ö¨£©Ê¡A¨Ã©ñ¸m§ó¤jªº¤ñ«©ó¼ô²ß¦¹§Þ³NªÌ°w¹ï¤@¯S©wªºµo©ú©Ò·|²£¥Í¤§·Qªk»P§@¬°ªº¹ê»Ú¨M©w(µù9)¡C
¥Ñ©ó³Ì°ªªk°|©óKSR®×¤¤¼á²MTSM¨Ã«D¬°Åã¦Ó©ö¨£©Êªº°ß¤@´ú¸Õ¡A¦ÓGraham¤§¤ÀªR¤£À³¥H»øµwªº¤è¦¡³Q¹ê¬I¡A¨ä¹ï©óÅã¦Ó©ö¨£©Ê´£¥X¤F§ó¦³¼u©Êªº·Qªk¡A¦]¦¹¡A¬Y¨Ç¦bKSR§P¨M¤§«e³Q»{¬°¬O«DÅã¦Ó©ö¨£¤§½Ð¨D¶µ²{¤µ±N¦³¥i¯à·|³Qµø¬°Åã¦Ó©ö¨£ªº¡A¥»¤å§Y¥Hªñ´ÁPerfect Web v.
InfoUSA, Inc. (µù10)¦¹¤@§P¨Ò¡AÆ[¹îCAFC¦p¦ó¦b¨Æ¹êªº°ò¦¤W¡A´NKSR®×¤¤©Ò´£¤Î¤§¡u±`ÃÑ(common sense)¡v¡B¡u©úÅã¥i¸Õ(obvious to try)¡v¥H¤Î¡u»²§U©Ê§PÂ_¦]¯À(secondary consideration)¡vµ¥¦]¯À¨Ó¤ÀªR¤@µo©ú¬O§_¬°Åã¦Ó©ö¨£¡C
¤G¡B Perfect Web v.
InfoUSA, Inc. ®×¥óI´º¤Î¨tª§±M§Q²¤¶
ì§iPerfect Web©Ò¥D±i¤§±M§Q¬°¬ü°ê±M§Q 6,631,400¸¹(¥H¤U²ºÙ400¸¹±M§Q)¡C¸Ó±M§Q¥Ó½Ð®É(2000.04.13)¥¿Èºô¸ôèµo®i¤§¨g¼ö¶¥¬q¡A«Y¬°¤@¦³Ãö©óºÞ²z¤j¶q¹q¤l¶l¥ó¡A±N¹q¤l¶l¥ó¤À°e¦Ü¯S©w¤§®ø¶OªÌ¤§¤èªk¡C400¸¹±M§Q¤§¥Ó½Ð±M§Q½d³ò²Ä1¶µ«Y¦p¤U©Ò¥Ü¡G
1. ¤@ºØ¥Î©óºÞ²z¤j¶q¹q¤l¶l¥ó¤§´²§Gªº¤èªk¡A¨ä¥]§t¤U¦C¤§¨BÆJ¡G
(A) ±N¤@¥Ø¼Ð¹ï¶H³]©wÀÉ(target recipient profile)»P¥Ø¼Ð¹ï¶H¤§¤@¸s²Õ¬Û¤Ç°t¡F
(B) ¶Ç°e¤@²Õ¤j¶q¹q¤l¶l¥ó¦Ü¸Ó¤Ç°t¸s²Õ¤¤¤§¸Ó¥Ø¼Ð¹ï¶H¡F
(C) pºâ©ó¸Ó²Õ¤j¶q¹q¤l¶l¥ó¤¤¡A¤w¦¨¥\¦a¥Ñ¸Óµ¥¥Ø¼Ð¹ï¶H©Ò±µ¦¬¤§¹q¤l¶l¥óªº¼Æ¶q¡F¥H¤Î
(D) Y¸Ópºâ¥X¤§¼Æ¶q¥¼¶W¹L¤@«ü©w¤§¦¨¥\±µ¦¬¤§¹q¤l¶l¥óªº³Ì¤p¼Æ¶q¡A«½Æ¨BÆJ(A)¦Ü(C)¡Aª½¨ì¸Ópºâ¥X¤§¼Æ¶q¶W¹L¸Ó«ü©w¤§³Ì¤p¼Æ¶q¬°¤î¡C
Perfect Web¥H400¸¹±M§Q¤§¥Ó½Ð±M§Q½d³ò²Ä1¶µ©Ò½Ð¨D¤§¤èªk¤Î¨ä¥L¬ÛÃö¤§½Ð¨D¶µ¨Ó±±§iInfoUSA¡AInfoUSA¦]¦Ó´£°_±M§QµL®Ä¤§Â²©ö§P¨M¡C©ó¸Ó²©ö§P¨M¤¤¡A¦a¤èªk°|»{©w400¸¹±M§Q¤§¥Ó½Ð±M§Q½d³ò²Ä1¶µ«Y¬°Åã¦Ó©ö¨£ªº¡A¦]¬°¸Ó¤èªk¶µ¤§²Ä(A)¦Ü(C)¨BÆJ¦¤w´¦¥Ü©ó¥ý«e§Þ³N¤¤¡A¦Ó¨BÆJ(D)¡u¹ï©ó¥ô¦ó¤H¦Ó¨¥¬Ò¬°Åã¦Ó©ö¨£ªº¡C¡v
¦¹¥~¡A¦a¤èªk°|¤]¦P®É»{¬°¸Ó¥Ó½Ð±M§Q½d³ò²Ä1¶µ©Ò¬É©w¤§µo©ú¬°¥ý«e§Þ³N©Ò¥i¹w¨£ªº(anticipated)¡A¥B¦a¤èªk°|»{¬°¸Ó¥Ó½Ð±M§Q½d³ò²Ä1¶µ«DÄÝ35 USC 101±ø©Ò³W©w¤§¥i±M§Q¼Ðªº¡A¦]¬°¨ä¡u¶È¬O¤@³s¦êªººtºâªk¡v¡C¦]¦¹¡A¦a¤èªk°|§P©w¥»®×¤§¥Ó½Ð±M§Q½d³ò²Ä1¶µ»P¨ä¥L¬ÛÃö½Ð¨D¶µ¦]Åã¦Ó©ö¨£ªº¡B¬°¥i¹w¨£ªº¤Î/©Î¬°«D¾A®æ¤§¼Ðªº¦ÓµL®Ä¡C
°w¹ï¤Wz¦a¤èªk°|ªº§P¨M¡APerfect Web¦VCAFC´£°_¤W¶D¡A¦ÓCAFC¶È´N¥»®×¤§«DÅã¦Ó©ö¨£©Ê³¡¤À¶i¦æ¤ÀªR¡C¥Ñ©ó´N«DÅã¦Ó©ö¨£©Ê¤§¤ÀªRµ²ªG¬°ªÖ»{¦a¤èªk°|¤§¸Ó400¸¹±M§Q¬°µL®Ä¤§¨£¸Ñ¡A¦]¦¹¡ACAFC¨Ã¥¼´N¨ä¥LÃö©ó¥i¹w¨£©Ê©Î«D¬°±M§Q¾A®æ¼Ðªºµ¥¨Æ¶µ¶i¦æµûÂ_¡A¦Óºû«ùì§P¡C
¤T¡B ¥»®×¤§ª§ÂI¤ÎCAFC¹ï©ó400¸¹±M§Q©Ò¶i¦æ¤§«DÅã¦Ó©ö¨£©Ê¤§¤ÀªR¡G
(¤@) ª§ÂI¾ã²z
1. ¦a¤èªk°|¹ï©ó¥»®×«DÅã¦Ó©ö¨£©Êªº¨£¸Ñ
Ãö©ó¥»®×ªº«DÅã¦Ó©ö¨£©Ê¤ÀªR¡A¦a¤èªk°|»{¬°¥»®×«YÄÝ©ó¡u¹q¤l¶l¥ó¦æ¾P¤§»â°ì¡v¡A¦Ó¼ô²ß¦¹§Þ³NªÌ«Y¬°¨ã¦³¡u¦Ü¤Ö¤@°ª¤¤¾Ç¾ú¡A©ó¸Ó²£·~¤@¦~¤§¸gÅç¡A»P¼ô²ß¹q¸£»P¹q¤l¶l¥óµ{¦¡ªÌ¡v¡C¥Ñ©ó400¸¹±M§Q¤§¥Ó½Ð±M§Q½d³ò²Ä1¶µªº²Ä(A)¦Ü(C)¨BÆJ¦¤w´¦¥Ü©ó¥ý«e§Þ³N¤¤¡A¦]¦¹¡A¥»®×ªºª§ÂI¦b©ó¡A©ó¹q¤l¶l¥ó¦æ¾P»â°ì¤¤ªº¼ô²ß¦¹§Þ³NªÌ¬O§_·|¶i¦æ(D)¤§¨BÆJ¡C¦a¤èªk°|¤Þ¥Î³Ì°ªªk°|©óKSR®×¤¤¤§»¡ªk¡u¼ô²ß¦¹§Þ³NªÌ¥ç«Y¬°¤@¨ã¦³³Ð³y¤O¤§¤H¡A¦Ó«D¤@¾÷¾¹¤H¡v¡A¾Ú¦¹¡A¦a¤èªk°|»{¬°¨BÆJ(D)¬°Åã¦Ó©ö¨£ªº¡A¦]¬°¸Ó³Ì«á¤@Ó¨BÆJ¶È¬°¦b±`ÃѤU¹B¥Î¡u¦A¸Õ¤@¤U(try, try again)¡v¦¹¤@®æ¨¥ªº¦X²zµ²ªG¡C
¦a¤èªk°|¥ç©Úµ´Perfect WebÁnºÙ¤§«DÅã¦Ó©ö¨£©Êªº»²§U©Ê§PÂ_¦]¯À¡A¦]¬°Perfect Web¥¼¯à«Ø¥ß¦¹µo©ú»PInfoUSA¤§¤ò§QªºÃö«Y¡A¥HÃÒ©ú¦¹µo©ú¤§°Ó·~¤Wªº¦¨¥\¡A¥BPerfect Web¥¼¯à´£¨Ñ¨¬°÷ªºÃÒ¾ÚÃÒ©ú¦¹µo©úº¡¨¬ªø´Á¦s¦bªº»Ý¨D¡C
2. ¨â³y©ó¤W¶D®É¤§ª§ÂI¡G
Perfect Web©Ó»{¥Ó½Ð±M§Q½d³òªº²Ä(A)¦Ü(C)¨BÆJ¦¤w´¦¥Ü©ó¥ý«e§Þ³N¡AInfoUSA©Ó»{²Ä(D)¨BÆJ¥¼´¦¥Ü©ó¥ý«e§Þ³N¤¤¡C¦ÓÃö©ó»²§U©Ê§PÂ_¦]¯À¡APerfect Web¶È´N¡uªø´Á¦s¦bªº»Ý¨D¡v¦¹¤@¶µ¥Ø¶i¦æ¥D±i¡C
º¥ý¡APerfect Web¹ï©ó¡u±`ÃÑ¡v¬O§_¤w±Ð¥Ü¨BÆJ(D)¦¹ÂI´£¥X½èºÃ¡C¨ä»{¬°ªk°|¹ï©ó¡u±`ÃÑ¡vªº¨£¸Ñ¦³¤£·í¤§³B¡A¦]¬°¡u±`ÃѩΪ¾ÃÑÀ³®Ú´Ó©óÃҾکΨƹꤧµo²{¡v¡A¦Ó¥B¦a¤èªk°|«Y¸g¥Ñ«á¨£¤§©ú¡A¦Ó¿ù»~¦a±N¨BÆJ(D)¸ÑŪ¬°·N«ü¡u¦A¸Õ¤@¦¸¡v¡CPerfect Web¥ç»{¬°¦a¤èªk°|ºzµø¨ä±M®a»{¬°¸Ó±M§Q¨Ã«D¬°¤@¡u±`Ãѩʪº¶i¨B¡vªºÃÒµü¡C
¦¹¥~¡A´N¸Óµo©ú¦Ó¨¥¡APerfect Web»{¬°¹q¤l¶l¥óªº¦æ¾P»â°ì¨ã¦³©|¥¼³Qº¡¨¬ªº»Ý¨D¡A¦]¬°¸Ó²£·~¹L¥h¨Ì¿à±H°e¹L¶q°T®§¤§¡u¹L«×¶Ç°e¡vªº¤è¦¡¡A¨Ó½T«O¥i¶Ç°e¨ì¹w©w¼Æ¶qªº¦¬«HªÌ¡AµM¦Ó¡A¦¹ºØ¤è¦¡·|®ö¶O¸ê·½¨Ã·S´o®ø¶OªÌ¦ý«o¤£«OÃҶǰe¦¨¥\¡C
¦ÓInfoUSA«h¥D±i¡u(1)¤Þ¥Î¨ä±M®a̪º·N¨£¡A²Ä(D)¨BÆJ¶È¬O¤@Óªþ¥[©ó²Ä(A)¦Ü(C)¨BÆJªº±`ÃÑ¡F¡]2¡^«½Æ¸Ó¿ï¾Ü»P¶Ç°eªº¨BÆJ«Y¬°©úÅã¥i¸Õ(obvious to try)¡v¡A¦]¬°¦b½T»{¹q¤l¶l¥ó¤§¶Ç»¼®É¡A¦Ü¦h¥u¦³¨â©Î¤TÓ¥i¥H¹w´Áªº¸Ñ¨M¤è®×¡C³Ì«á¡AInfoUSA»{¬°Perfect Web©Ò¥D±i¤§ªø´Á¦s¦bªº»Ý¨D¯Ê¥FÃÒ¾Ú¤ä«ù¡A©Î¯Ê¥F¨¬°÷ªº«n©Ê¥H§JªAÅã¦Ó©ö¨£©Êªº¥R¨¬²z¥Ñ¡C
(¤G) CAFC¹ï©ó¥»®×«DÅã¦Ó©ö¨£©Êªº¤ÀªR¨£¸Ñ
CAFC«zGraham¤§¨Æ¹ê§PÂ_n¯À(µù11)¡A¨Ã¥Dn¦ÛKSR®×¤¤©Ò´£¤Î¡u±`ÃÑ¡v¡B¡u©úÅã¥i¸Õ¡v¤Î¡u»²§U©Ê§PÂ_¦]¯À¡vµ¥¦]¯À¡A¹ï©ó400¸¹±M§Q¤§«DÅã¦Ó©ö¨£©Ê¶i¦æ¤ÀªR§PÂ_¡C³Ì«á¡ACAFC»{©w400¸¹±M§Q¨Ã¥¼¯à³q¹LKSR®×¤¤¹ï©ó«DÅã¦Ó©ö¨£©Ê¤§ºØºØ´ú¸Õ¡C
1. ±`ÃÑ(Common Sense)
©Ó«e©ÒzªÌ¡APerfect Web»{¬°ªk°|¤§¡u±`ÃÑ¡v¨£¸Ñ¦³»~¡A¦]¬°¡u±`ÃѩΪ¾ÃÑÀ³®Ú´Ó©óÃҾکΨƹꤧµo²{¡v¡CCAFC©Úµ´¦¹¤@»¡ªk¡A»{¬°±`ÃѤ§¨M©w¤£»Ýn¡uÄÄ©ú©ó¥ô¦ó¤ÞÃÒ¸ê®Æ©Î±M®a·N¨£¤¤¡v("explication in any reference or expert opinion.")¡C
CAFC¤Þ¥ÎKSR®×¤¤³Ì°ªªk°|ªº»¡ªk¡A»{¬°¡u±`ÃÑ¡v¥i¥H§@¬°¥Î¥Hµ²¦X©Îקï«e®×¥H¹F¨ì©Ò½Ðµo©úªº¤@ºØ²z¥Ñªº¨Ó·½¡A¥ç§Y¬O¡A¨ä¥i§@¬°¨M©wÅã¦Ó©ö¨£©Êªº°ò¦¡C¦¹¥~¡A©óKSR®×¤¤¡A³Ì°ªªk°|µû½×¡G¡u©Úµ´¨Æ¹ê½Õ¬dªÌ¨Ì¾a±`ÃѪº¡§»ø¤Æ¹w¨¾©Êªº³W«h¡¨¡A¦b¨ä¤§§P¨Òªk¤U«D¦ý¬°¤£»Ýnªº¡A¤]©M§P¨Òªk¤£¤@P¡C¡v¦]¦¹¡A³Ì°ªªk°|«ü¥Ü¨Æ¹ê½Õ¬dªÌ¦b®Ñ±ÃÒ¾Ú¤§¥~¥i¨Ï¥Î¡§±`ÃÑ¡¨¡C
§@¬°¦¹ºØ¼u©Êªº½d¨Ò¡A©óKSR®×¤¤¡A¨ä±j½Õªk°|À³ÁקK¡u¹L¥÷±j½Õ¤½¶}¤å¥ó(published articles)¤ÎÀòã±M§Q¤§©ú¥Ü¤º®eªº«n©Ê¡v¡C¥B±M®a·N¨£¤]¤£À³Á`¬O³Q§@¬°¤@Ó¥ý¨Mªº±ø¥ó¡A¦]¬°³Ì°ªªk°|»{¬°¡u¦b³\¦h±M§Q®×¥ó¤¤¡A¦]¬°§Þ³N±N¥i³Q»´©ö¦aÁA¸Ñ¡A¨Ã¨S¦³±M®a¸ÑÄÀ©ÊÃÒµüªº»Ýn¡A©Ò¥H±M®aÃÒµü±N¤£¬O¥²¶·ªº¡v¡A¦]¦¹¡ACAFC»{¬°ÁöµM«DÅã¦Ó©ö¨£©Ê¤§¤ÀªRÁ`¬O¨Ì¾a¥i¤ä«ù¥²n¤§Graham¨Æ¹êµo²{ªºÃÒ¾Ú¡A¨ä¨Ó·½¥ç¥i¥]§tÅÞ¿è¡B§PÂ_¡B¥H¤Î¹ï©ó¼ô²ß¦¹§Þ³NªÌ¤§±`ÃÑ¡A¥B¨ä¤£»Ý³QÄÄ©ú©ó¥ô¦ó¤ÞÃÒ¸ê®Æ©Î±M®a·N¨£¤§¤¤¡C
CAFC¥ç»{¬°¡Aªk°|¦b¤Þ¥Î¡u±`ÃÑ¡v©Î¥ô¦ó¦Û«e®×±À´ú¥Xªº°ò¦¦Ó§@¦¨Åã¦Ó©ö¨£¤§µ²½×®É¡A¥²¶·¥H¤Q¤À²M·¡ªº¤è¦¡¡A©ú½T¥B¦³¤O¦aªí¹F¨ä½×²z²z¥Ñ(reasoning)¥H¨ÑÀ˾\¡C
©ó¥»®×¤¤¡ACAFC»{©w¦a¤èªk°|§@¥X¨ä¤§¡u±`ÃÑ¡vªº½×²z²z¥Ñ¤§¥»½èÃÒ¾Ú(predicate evidence)¤wÅã¥Ü©óÀɮ׬ö¿ý¤¤[§Y¡A¨BÆJ(D)¶È²o¯A©ó«½Æ¥ý«e¤§¨BÆJ¡A¥B¦æ¾PªÌY¦³»Ýn¡A§Y¥i«½Æ¸Óµ¥¨BÆJ]¡C¨Ã¥B¡ACAFC¤]»{¬°¦a¤èªk°|¤w¾A·í¦a¸ÑÄÀ¨ä©Ò¤Þ¥Î¤§±`ÃÑ¡C¦a¤èªk°|»{¬°¡A¨BÆJ(D)¡A¦¹¤@¶È³Ñ¥¼³Q«e®×´¦ÅS¤§¨BÆJ¡A¶È¶È°O¸ü«½Æ¤wª¾ªºµ{§Çª½¨ì¦¨¥\¬°¤î¡C»{ª¾©ó¦¹¡A¦a¤èªk°|¸ÑÄÀ¡AY«ü©wn¶Ç°e100Ó¹q¤l¶l¥ó¡A¥B²Ä¤@¦¸¶È¶Ç°e95Ó¹q¤l¶l¥ó¡A±`ÃÑ·|«ü¾Éµo«HªÌÀ³¦A¸Õ¤@¦¸¡Cµo«HªÌ¨S¦³¤°»ò¨ä¥L¥i§@ªº¿ï¾Ü¡CCAFC»{¬°¦a¤èªk°|¤§¸Óµ¥½×²z²z¥Ñ«Y¬°¦X²zªº¡C
¦¹¥~¡ACAFC»{¬°¡AY¬ÛÃöªº¬ì§Þ«Ü½ÆÂø¡Aªk°|¥i¯à·|»Ýn±M®aªº·N¨£¡CµM¦Ó¡A¦¹³B¨â³y·í¨Æ¤H¦P·N©ó¬ÛÃö»â°ì¤¤¤§¼ô²ß¦¹§Þ³NªÌ¶È»Ýn°ª¤¤ªº±Ð¨|µ{«×¥H¤Î¦³ªº¦æ¾P¤Î¹q¸£ªº¸gÅç¡C¦]¦¹¡A¤£»Ýn±M®aªº·N¨£¨Óµû»ù¡¨«½Æ¨BÆJ(A)¨ì(C)¤§¨BÆJ¡¨¹ï©ó¦¹»â°ì¤¤¼ô²ß¦¹§Þ³NªÌªº¼ç¦b»ùÈ¡C
¦Ó§Y«KCAFC°Ñ¦Ò¨â³y¤§±M®a·N¨£¡ACAFCÁÙ¬O»{¬°InfoUSA©Ò´£¨Ñ¤§±M®a·N¨£¸ûPerfect Web©Ò´£¨Ñ¤§±M®a·N¨£§ó¨ã¦³»¡ªA¤O¡C
InfoUSAªº¨â¦ì±M®a¡AReggie Brady(¹q¤l¶l¥ó¦æ¾PªºÅv«Â)¥H¤ÎJohn
Lawlor(±q¨Æ©ó¼s§i/¦æ¾P¥Í·N)¬Ò»{¬°¡A«½Æ¸Ó¤Ç°t¡B¶Ç°e¤Îpºâªº¨BÆJ¹ï©ó¼ô²ß¦¹§Þ³NªÌ¦Ó¨¥¬°¤wª¾¥BÅã¦Ó©ö¨£ªº¡C
Perfect Web¤§±M®a¡ADr. Sandeep Krishnamurthy¬°¤@Ó¦æ¾P¤Î¹q¤l°Ó°Èªº±Ð±Â¡C¥Ñ©óKrishnamurthy©Ò´£¨Ñ¤§·N¨£«Y¬°°w¹ï¨ä¥L¤T¥ó¥Ø«e¤w¤£¦Aª§Ä³¤§¤ÞÃÒ«e®×¤§²Õ¦XªºÅãµM©ö¨£©Ê¤ÀªR¡A¦Ó»P·í«e¤§ª§ÂIµLÃö¡A¥BKrishnamurthy¤§ÃÒµü«D¦ý¥¼z¤Î¦³Ãö©ó¡u«½Æ¨BÆJ(A)¦Ü(C)¡v¤§¦¹¤@¨BÆJªº«DÅã¦Ó©ö¨£©Ê¡A¦a¤èªk°|¬Æ¦Üª`·N¨ì¡A©óÃÒµü¤¤¡AKrishnamurthy¦P·NY¤@¶}©l¹q¤l¶l¥óªº¶Ç°e«Y¤Ö©ó©Ò´Á±æªº¼Æ¶q¡A°ß¤@ªº¿ï¾Ü§Y¬°°±¤î©Î§ä´M§ó¦hªº¹q¤l¶l¥ó¦a§}¡C
¦]¦¹¡A¾¨ºÞ©ó¥»®×¤¤¨Ã¤£»Ýn±M®aÃÒµü¡A¦ýYÁÙ¬O´N¨â³y©Ò§e°e¤§±M®aÃÒ¾Ú¶i¦æ¦Ò¶q¡A¨ä¤]§¹¥þ¤ä«ù¦a¤èªk°|ªºµ²½×¡A§Y400¸¹±M§Q¤§¥Ó½Ð±M§Q½d³ò²Ä1¶µ´N±`ÃѦӨ¥«Y¬°Åã¦Ó©ö¨£ªº¡C
2. ©úÅã¥i¸Õ(Obvious to Try)
CAFC°ò©óKSR¤@®×¤¤³Ì°ªªk°|ªº¸ÑÄÀ¡A¤]¦P·N¦a¤èªk°|ªº§P¨M¡A»{¬°400¸¹¥Ó½Ð±M§Q½d³ò²Ä1¶µ¬°¡u©úÅã¥i¸Õªº¡v¡C
©óKSR¤@®×¤¤¡A³Ì°ªªk°|«ü¥X¡u¨Æ¹ê¤W¡AY¦s¦b³]p¤Wªº»Ý¨D©Î¥«³õÀ£¤O¦Ó»Ý¸Ñ¨M¤@°ÝÃD¡A¥B¦s¦b¦³¼Æ¶q¤§¤w½T»{(identified)¥B¥i¹w´Á¤§¸Ñ¨M¤è®×¡A¤@¼ô²ß¦¹§Þ³NªÌ·|¦X²z¦a¦b¨ä¯à¤Oªº½d³ò¤º´M¨D¦¹µ¥¤wª¾ªº¿ï¶µ¡CY¬O¦¹Á|·|¾ÉP¥i¹w¨£ªº¦¨¥\¡A¦¹¤@µo©ú´N¤£¬O³Ð·sªºµ²ªG¡A¦Ó¬O³q±`§Þ³N»P±`ÃѪº²£ª«¡C¦b¦¹±¡ªp¡A¤@©úÅã¥i¸Õªº²Õ¦X¥i¯à¤w¹F²Ä103±ø©Ò¥Ü¤§Åã¦Ó©ö¨£ªºµ{«×¡C(µù12)¡v
CAFC»{¬°¡A400¸¹±M§Q©Ò±j½Õªº°ÝÃD¦b©ó±H°e¤Ó¤Ö©Î¤Ó¦hªº¹q¤l¶l¥ó°T®§¥H²Å¦X¤@©T©wªº¦æ¾PÃB«×¡A¦Ó¹ï©óµo©ú·í®É¤§¦¹¤@°ÝÃD¡AKrishnamurthy¡ABrady»PLawlor¤T¦ì±M®a¦@¦P½T»{¤F¥u¦³´XÓ¼ç¦bªº¸Ñ¨M¤è®×¡G¡]1¡^¹L«×±H°e¡A©Î±H°e¹L¶qªº¦a§}¥H½T«O¤w²Å¦XÃB«×¡F¡]2¡^Y¬Y¨Ç¦a§}¥¢±Ñ©Î±N°T®§°h¦^¡A«·s±H°e¦Ü³o¨Ç¬Û¦Pªº¦a§}¡A¦Ó§Æ±æ³o²Ä¤G¦¸ªº¶Ç°e¥i¥H¦¨¥\¡F¥H¤Î¡]3¡^½T»{·sªº¦a§}¸s²Õ¡A¥B±N°T®§¶Ç°e¦Ü¸Óµ¥¦a§}¡A¦¹§Y¬°²Ä400¸¹±M§Q¤§¨BÆJ(D)©Ò½Ð¨DªÌ¡C§Y¨Ï¨S¦³¹êÅç¡A²³æªºÅÞ¿è«Y¤w«Øij±N°T®§¶Ç°e¦Ü·sªº¦a§}«Y¬Û¸û©ó±N°T®§«·s¶Ç°e¦Ü¤w¥¢±Ñªº¦a§}¡A§ó¥i¯à²£¥Í¦¨¥\ªº¶Ç°eµ²ªG¡CPerfect Web¨Ã¥¼´£¥X¥ô¦óÃÒ¾ÚÃÒ©ú400¸¹±M§Q©Ò½Ð¨Dªº¤èªk´£¨Ñ¥ô¦óµLªk¹w´Áªº¥\®Ä¡A©Î400¸¹±M§Q¨Ã¥¼³Q¦X²z¦a¹w´Á·|¦¨¥\¡F¨Æ¹ê¤W¡A°õ¦æ¨BÆJ(D)¤§¥i¹w´Á»P¹ê»Ú¤Wªºµ²ªG¶È¬°§ó¦hªº¹q¤l¶l¥ó°T®§·|³Q°e¹F§ó¦hªº¦¬«HªÌ¡C
CAFC¦]¦¹»{¬°400¸¹±M§Q©Ò½Ð¨D¤§¤èªk¬O¡u¦³¼Æ¶q¤§¤w½T»{¡B¥i¹w´Áªº¸Ñ¨M¤è®×¡v¡AÅã¥Ü¨ä«Y¬°©úÅã¥i¸Õªº¡A¥B¤Þ¥Î³Ì°ªªk°|©óKSR®×¤¤ªº»¡ªk¡A»{¬°Y¹Á¸Õ¦¹ºØ¼Æ¶q¦³ªº¸Ñ¨M¤è®×¡A¦Ó¾ÉP¥i¹w¨£ªº¦¨¥\¡A¨ä§Y¥i¯à¨Ã«D³Ð·sªºµ²ªG¡A¦Ó¬O³q±`§Þ³N¤Î±`ÃѪº²£ª«¡v¡C
3. ªø´Á¦s¦bªº»Ý¨D(Long- Felt Need)
¤@ÓÃÒ©úµo©úº¡¨¬¦b¸Ó±M§Q¥Ó½Ð®Éªø´Á¦s¦b¥B¥¼³Qº¡¨¬¤§»Ý¨DªºÃÒ¾Ú¡A«Y¬°«DÅã¦Ó©ö¨£©Êªº»²§U©Ê§PÂ_¦]¯À(µù13)¡CPerfect Web¥D±i400¸¹±M§Q¥i´À¤@Ó¦³®Ä²vªº¤j¶q¹q¤l¶l¥ó¨t²Î¸Ñ¨M¤@Óªø´Á¦s¦bªº»Ý¨D¡CPerfect Webªº±M®aKrishnamurthy½T»{¦b2000¦~4¤ë¤§«e§Q¥Î¹L«×¶Ç°e¤§¤è¦¡ªº¨t²Î·|¦³¡u¨âÓ¿W¯Sªº°ÝÃD¡v¡Aº¥ý¡A¦æ¾PªÌ¥²¶·µLÀv¦a¶Ç°e¦h¾lªº¹q¤l¶l¥ó°T®§¡F¨ä¦¸¡A§ó¦hªº®ø¶OªÌ·|¦]¬°¥Ḻµ¦¬¤Ó¦h¤£·Qnªº°T®§·|¡A¦Ó¿ï¾Ü°h¥X¦¹Ãþªº¨t²Î¡C
µM¦Ó¡ACAFC»{¬°¡A§Y«K°²³]Perfect Web¹ï©ó¹q¤l¶l¥ó¹L«×±H°e©Ò±a¨Óªº¯ÊÂI¤§»¡ªk¬°¥¿½Tªº¡APerfect Web¥ç¥¼¯àÅã¥Ü³o¨Ç¯ÊÂI©Òºc¦¨ªºªø´Á¦s¦b¡B¥¼³Qº¡¨¬ªº»Ý¨D¥i¥Ñ400¸¹±M§Q©Ò´î»´¡C
CAFC»{¬°¡Aº¥ý¡APerfect Web¨Ã¥¼´£¨ÑÃÒ¾Ú¥H¸ÑÄÀ¦¹¤@»Ý¨D¨ì©³¦s¦b¤F¦hªøªº®É¶¡¡A©ÎªÌ¦ó®Éº¥ý²£¥Í¦¹¤@°ÝÃD¡C¨ä¦¸¡APerfect Web¤]¥¼´£¨ÑÃÒ¾ÚÅã¥Ü400¸¹±M§Qº¡¨¬¥ô¦ó¦¹Ãþªº¡u»Ý¨D¡v¡CKrishnamurthy¶È¶È¥D±i400¸¹±M§Q´£¨Ñ¡u¼W¶iªº®Ä²v¡v¡A¦ý¨Ã¥¼´©¥Î¥ô¦ó¤ä«ù©Êªº¸ê®Æ¥HÅã¥Ü¨tª§µo©ú¹ê»Ú¤W´î¤Ö¤F¦æ¾Pªº¦¨¥»¡B®É¶¡©Î°h¥X¤§®ø¶OªÌªº¼Æ¶q¡C¦¹¥~¡ACAFC¥ç´©¥Î2008¦~ªºAsyst Techs., Inc.
(µù14)¤§®×¨Ò¡A»{¬°¡u»²§U©Ê§PÂ_¦]¯À¨Ã¥¼¯àÁ`¬O§JªA¤@ÓÅã¥ÜÅã¦Ó©ö¨£©Êªº¦³¤Oªí±ÃÒ¾Ú¡v¡C
¦]¦¹¡ACAFC³Ì«á»{¬°¡APerfect Web¤Wz½Ñ¦h¥¼¨üÃÒ¾Ú¤ä«ùªº½×ÂI«Y¬°¦bªk«ß¤W¤£¨¬¥H¦¨¬°«nªº¨Æ¹êª§Ä³(genuine issue of material fact)¡C
ºî¤W©Òz¡ACAFC»{¬°µL»Ý±M®a¤§·N¨£¡A¶È»Ý¹B¥Î¼ô²ß¦¹§Þ³NªÌ¤§±`ÃѧY¥i«ä¤Î¨tª§400¸¹±M§Q¤§¥Ó½Ð±M§Q½d³ò²Ä1¶µ¤§¨BÆJ(D)¡A¥B¸Ó¸Ñ¨M¤è®×«Y¬°¼ô²ß¦¹§Þ³NªÌ©Ò©úÅã¥i¸Õªº¡CCAFC¥çµLªk±µ¨üPerfect Web©ÒÁnºÙ¤§»²§U©Ê§PÂ_¦]¯À¡A¦]¬°¨ä¨Ã¥¼¯à´£¨Ñ°£¤F»¡µü¤§¥~¨¬°÷ªº¤ä«ù©ÊÃÒ¾Ú¡C¦]¦¹¡ACAFC½T»{¦a¤èªk°|ªº§P¨M¡A»{©w¨tª§400¸¹±M§Q¤§¥Ó½Ð±M§Q½d³ò²Ä1¶µ¤Î¨ä¥L¬ÛÃö½Ð¨D¶µ¦]Åã¦Ó©ö¨£©Ê¦ÓµL®Ä¡C
¥|¡B µ²½×
©ó¥»®×¤¤¡ACAFCÄÄ©ú¤F©óKSR®×¤¤¦³Ãö©ó«DÅã¦Ó©ö¨£©Ê¤§°ò¥»¤ÀªR¤èªk¡C¨Ò¦p¡ACAFC»{¬°Graham¤§¨Æ¹êµo²{ªk«h¡A¤´¬°¥ô¦ó«DÅã¦Ó©ö¨£¤ÀªR¤¤©Ò¥²»Ýªº¡C¤S¦p¡u±`ÃÑ¡v¤§¤ÀªR¤èªk¡ACAFCÁöªÖ»{¡u±`ÃÑ¡v¥i¥H§@¬°¥Î¥Hµ²¦X©Îקï«e®×¥H¹F¨ì©Ò½Ðµo©úªº¤@ºØ²z¥Ñªº¨Ó·½¡A¥B¸Ó¥Î©ó»P«e®×ÃÒ¾Úµ²¦X¤§¡u±`ÃÑ¡v¤£»Ý³QÄÄ©ú©ó¥ô¦ó¤ÞÃÒ¸ê®Æ©Î±M®a·N¨£¤§¤¤¡AµM¦Ó¡ACAFC¥ç¨Ã¥¼¨Ï¼f¬d©eû¥i¥ô·NµL¨îªº¹B¥Î¡u±`ÃÑ¡v¤§¤ÀªR¡AY¼f¬d©eû¨Ï¥Î¡u±`ÃÑ¡v¤§§@¬°¨ä»{©wÅã¦Ó©ö¨£©Êªº¨Ì¾Ú¡A¨ä½×²z²z¥Ñ¤]¥²¶·³Q©úÅã¥B²M·¡ªº»¡©ú¡C¦¹¥~¡AÁöµM¡u±M®a·N¨£¡v¤Î¡u»²§U©Ê§PÂ_¦]¯À¡vµ¥¦]¯À¥i¥H¥Î¨Ó¤Ï»é¡u±`ÃÑ¡v¤§½×²z¡AµM¦Ó¡A¦¹¨âªÌ³Ì¦n°w¹ï¯S©w¤§Ä³ÃD¦Ó´£¥X¡A¨Ò¦p¡G¼ô²ß¦¹§Þ³NªÌ¤§¤ô·Ç¡B¥iÀò±oªº¸Ñ¨M¤è®×¤§¼Æ¶q¤Î¥i¹w´Á©Ê¡B¦¨¥\ªº¥i¹w´Á©Êµ¥µ¥¡C
¦]¦¹¡A¥Ñ¥»®×¥i¥H±oª¾¡ACAFC¤£¦ýÄÄ©ú¦bKSR®×«á¨Ï¥Î¡§±`ÃÑ¡¨¨Ó¤ÀªR«DÅã¦Ó©ö¨£©Êªº¹B¥Î¤è¦¡¡A¦P®É¤]¦b¨ä¨Ï¥Î¤Wªþ¥[¤F«nªº¨î±ø¥ó(µù15)¡C
¹ê°È¤W¡A©óKSR¤§§P¨Mµo¥¬«á¡A¾¨ºÞ¥Ø«e´¶¹M»{¬°KSR¤@®×¹ï©ó±M§Q¥Ó½Ð¶¥¬q(prosecution)¤w²£¥Í¼vÅT¡A¥ç§Y¬O¡A°ò©óKSR¤@®×¡A±M§Q¥Ó½ÐÅܱo§ó¬°§xÃø(µù16)¡AµM¦Ó¡A¬Û¸û©ó¥Ó½Ð¶¥¬q¡A¥Ñ©ó°ò©óKSR¤@®×©Ò¶i¦æ¤§§P¨M¼Æ¶q¤´¤£¦h¡A¦]¦¹¡A¥Ø«eKSR¹ï©óCAFC¤Î¤@¯ë¶D³^¨s³º¬O§_³y¦¨ÅãµÛ¤§¼vÅT¤´²³»¡¯É¯Æ(µù17)¡C
³Ì°ªªk°|©óKSR¤§§P¨Ò¤¤¡A«Y±j½Õ¥Î¼u©Êªº¤è¦¡¨Óµû¦ôµo©ú¤§Åã¦Ó©ö¨£©Ê©Î«DÅã¦Ó©ö¨£©Êªº«n©Ê¡C¦Û¥»®×¤]¥i¥H¬Ý¥X¡A¥un¥Î¨Óµ²¦X©Îקï«e®×ªº°ò¥»²z¥Ñ(rationale)«Y¨¬°÷¦a³Q»¡©ú¡A¡u±`ÃÑ¡v¥ç¥i©ó¾A·íªº±¡§Î¤U¦³®Ä¦a§@¬°¸Ó¼u©Ê¤è¦¡ªº¤@³¡¤À(µù18)¡C¦]¦¹¡A¾¨ºÞ¥Ø«eªk°|¹ï©ó«DÅã¦Ó©ö¨£©Êªº§PÂ_¦ü¥G¨Ã¥¼¬°¦]KSR¤@®×¦Ó³y¦¨¼@¯Pªº§ïÅÜ¡A¦ýÀHµÛ¥¼¨Ó¬ÛÃö§P¨M¼Æ¶qªº²Ö¿n¡A¬Û«HÂǥѧó¦hªº®×¨Ò¡Aªk°|©Î¬ü°ê´¼°]§½¦p¦ó°ò©óKSR¤@®×¡A¥H¼u©Êªº¤è¦¡¶i¦æ«DÅã¦Ó©ö¨£©Êªº§PÂ_¡A¥H¤Î¶i¦æ¸Óµ¥§PÂ_®ÉºØºØªº¾A¥Î½d³ò¤Î¨î¡A²×±N·|¤@¤@¦a³Q³v¨BÂç²M¡C
¡°°Ñ¦Ò¤åÄm¡G
1¡BPerfect Web Technologies, Inc. v.
InfoUSA, Inc., No. 2009-1105 (Fed. Cir. Dec. 2, 2009)¡C
2¡B¡§KSR®×«á¬ü°êªk°|«DÅã¦Ó©öª¾§P¨M¤§¹êÃÒ¬ã¨s¡¨¡A°ê¥ß¥æ³q¤j¾Ç¬ì§Þªk«ß¬ã¨s©ÒºÓ¤h½×¤å¡A§õ¨|¼y¡A2008¦~6¤ë¡C
3¡B¡¨±qKSR v. Teleflex®×¨Ò¬Ý¬ü°ê±M§Q¨î«×ªº¡u«DÅã¦Ó©ö¨£©Ê¡v(Nonobviousness) §PÂ_¼Ð·Ç¡¨¡A¸t®q°ê»Ú´¼¼z°]²£Åv¹ê°È³ø¾É¤Q¨÷¤@´Á¡A®}Þ³¡A2008 ¦~ 1 ¤ë¡C
4¡B¡¨²L½Í¥H°Ó·~¤W¦¨¥\§@¬°±M§QÅã¦Ó©öª¾©Ê¤§§PÂ_¦]¯À-In re DBC®×¡¨¡A¸t®q°ê»Ú´¼¼z°]²£Åv¹ê°È³ø¾É¤Q¤@¨÷¤E´Á¡A©P¨|¥þ¡A2009 ¦~ 9 ¤ë¡C
5¡B¡§A Realist Approach to the Obviousness of Inventions¡¨¡AStanford Public Law Working Paper No. 1133169¡AJune 22, 2008¡C
6¡B¡§Federal Circuit Affirms Summary Judgment of Obviousness for Bulk EMail Patent¡¨¡APatently-O blog¡ADec 02, 2009¡C
7¡B¡§Federal Circuit Clarifies Use of ¡§Common Sense¡¨ under KSR,¡¨ SM Newsletter, January 01, 2010¡C
8¡B¡§Will KSR¡¦s Effect On Small Molecule Patents Be Limited?¡¨ Intellectual Property Watch, Photon Rao and George Best, September 14, 2009¡C
9¡B¡§Implications Of KSR In Prosecution And Litigation: The Standard Of Obviousness Under 35 U.S.C. s. 103.¡¨ Mondaq Business Briefing, Ms Esther Lim, June 17, 2009¡C
10¡B¡§Federal Circuit Affirms: Spam Patent is Obvious¡¨, JOLT digest blog, Gary Pong, December 6, 2009¡C
11¡B¡§A Common Sense Approach to Obviousness¡¨, Hahn Loeser & Parks LLP, Rex W. Miller, II, Esq., 2010¡C
12¡B¡¨Áp¨¹¨µ°j¤W¶Dªk°|©óKSR ®×«á«DÅã¦Ó©öª¾©Ê¼Ð·Ç¤§¹êÃÒ¬ã¨s¡¨¡A °ê¥ß¥æ³q¤j¾ÇºÞ²z¾Ç°|ºÓ¤h¦b¾±M¯Z¬ì§Þªk«ß²ÕºÓ¤h½×¤å¡A´^µ¾ÂE¡A2010¦~1¤ë¡C
¡°µù ÄÀ¡G
1¡B±©ÄÝ©ó¤èªk(processes)¡B¾÷¾¹(machine)¡B»s«~(articles of manufacture)¡Bª«½è²Õ¦¨(compositions of matter)©Î¤Wz¥|ºØÃþ§O¨ä¤¤¤§¤@ªº·s¥Î³~(new use)¤~¥i¥Ó½Ðµo©ú±M§Q«OÅ@¡A³W©w©ó35 U.S.C.²Ä101±ø¡C
2¡B½Ð¨D¤§¼Ðªº¥²¶·¬°¦³¥Îªº¡A³W©w©ó35 U.S.C.²Ä101±ø¡C
3¡B¥Ó½Ð±M§Q¤§µo©ú»Ý¤£¦P©ó©Ò¦³¹L©¹¤§µo©ú©Îª¾ÃÑ¡A³W©w©ó35 U.S.C.²Ä102±ø¡C
4¡B¥Ó½Ð±M§Q¤§µo©ú¦Û¸Óµo©ú»â°ì¤¤¼ô²ß¦¹§Þ³NªÌªºÆ[ÂIÀ³¬°«DÅã¦Ó©ö¨£ªº¡A³W©w©ó35 U.S.C.²Ä103±ø¡C¥H¤Wªk±ø»¡©ú¤å¦r°Ñ¦Ò¦Û¡¨Patent it self¡¨, p92~p93¡C
5¡Bì¤å¡§Obviousness is the most common issue appealed to the Board of Patent Appeal and Interference ¡]BPAI¡^.About 90 percent of ex parte BPAI decisions decide an issue of obviousness.¡¨¤Þ¥Î¦ÛPhoton Rao and George Best, ¡§Will KSR¡¦s Effect On Small Molecule Patents Be Limited?¡¨ Intellectual Property Watch, September 14, 2009.
6¡B¡§KSR®×«á¬ü°êªk°|«DÅã¦Ó©öª¾§P¨M¤§¹êÃÒ¬ã¨s¡¨¡Ap1¡A§õ¨|¼y¡A2008¦~6¤ë¡C
7¡BGraham v. John Deere Co., 383 U.S. 1, 17 ¡]1966¡^.
8¡B¨£KSR Int¡¦l Co. v. Teleflex, Inc., 127 S. Ct. 1727 ¡]2007¡^¡A¥H¤Î¡¨±qKSR v. Teleflex®×¨Ò¬Ý¬ü°ê±M§Q¨î«×ªº¡u«DÅã¦Ó©ö¨£©Ê¡v¡]Nonobviousness¡^ §PÂ_¼Ð·Ç¡¨¡A¸t®q°ê»Ú´¼¼z°]²£Åv¹ê°È³ø¾É¤Q¨÷¤@´Á¡A®}Þ³¡A2008 ¦~ 1 ¤ë¡C
9¡B¡§A Realist Approach to the Obviousness of Inventions¡¨¡AStanford Public Law Working Paper No. 1133169¡AJune 22, 2008.
10¡BPerfect Web Technologies, Inc. v. InfoUSA, Inc., No. 2009-1105 ¡]Fed. Cir. Dec. 2, 2009¡^.
11¡BKSR Int¡¦l Co. v. Teleflex Inc., 550 U.S. 398, 406 ¡]2007¡^ ¡]¤Þ¥ÎGraham v. John Deere Co., 383 U.S. 1, 17-18 ¡]1966¡^¡^.
12¡BKSR Int¡¦l Co. v. Teleflex Inc., 550 U.S. 421 ¡]2007¡^.
13¡BProcter & Gamble, 566 F.3d at 998.
14¡BAsyst Techs., Inc. v. Emtrak, Inc., 544 F.3d 1310, 1316 ¡]Fed. Cir. 2008¡^.
15¡B¡§Federal Circuit Clarifies Use of ¡§Common Sense¡¨ under KSR,¡¨ SM Newsletter, January 01, 2010.
16¡B¡§Implications Of KSR In Prosecution And Litigation: The Standard Of Obviousness Under 35 U.S.C. s. 103.¡¨ Mondaq Business Briefing, Ms Esther Lim, June 17, 2009.
17¡B¥H¤U¬°¨âÓµ²ªG§¹¥þ¤£¦P¤§¬ã¨s¡G(1)¡uKSR®×¹ï©óªk°|¦b«DÅã¦Ó©öª¾©Êªº§PÂ_¤W¼vÅT¨Ã¤£¤j¡v¡A¤Þ¥Î¦Û¡§KSR®×«á¬ü°êªk°|«DÅã¦Ó©öª¾§P¨M¤§¹êÃÒ¬ã¨s¡¨¡A§õ¨|¼y¡A p101¡A2008¦~6¤ë¡C(2)¡uCAFC´X¥G³£¤ÞÃÒKSR¬°¨ä§P¨M¨Ì¾Ú¡A¨ä½×z²z¥Ñ¥ç§¹¥þ¨ÌKSR©Ò¬Ò¥Ü¤§n¥ó¶i¦æ¤ÀªR¡A§P¨Mµ²ªG¤j´T´£°ª«DÅã¦Ó©öª¾©Êªº§PÂ_¼Ð·Ç¡A¥Ñ¦¹¥iª¾CAFC§¹¥þ¨Ì´`³Ì°ªªk°|¤§KSR¨£¸Ñ¨Ó¹ïÅã¦Ó©öª¾©Ê¶i¦æ§PÂ_¡C¡v¤Þ¥Î¦Û¡¨Áp¨¹¨µ°j¤W¶Dªk°|©óKSR ®×«á«DÅã¦Ó©öª¾©Ê¼Ð·Ç¤§¹êÃÒ¬ã¨s¡¨¡A´^µ¾ÂE¡A2010¦~1¤ë¡C
18¡B¡§A Common Sense Approach to Obviousness,¡¨ Hahn Loeser & Parks LLP, Rex W. Miller, II, Esq., 2010.
|